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Far Eastern Commission Records (FEC-031 : Japanese Constitution)

The establishment of the Far Eastern Commission (FEC) was decided upon in late December 1945 at the Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers. It represented the Allied Powers led by the U.S., the U.K., China, and the U.S.S.R. as the top-level policy formulating body with regard to the occupation of Japan. The FEC was charged with the task of producing policies, principles, and criteria to which Japan would have to fully conform in order to implement the terms of surrender stipulated by the Potsdam Declaration. The U.S. government issued orders to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers according to the policies that were formulated by the FEC. Among the FEC's policy papers, the FEC-031 series of documents deal with the enactment of the Constitution of Japan and are numbered FEC-031/1, FEC-031/2 consecutively. This series included such documents as "Proposed Communication to the SCAP Requesting Consultation on Procedures for the Adoption of a Japanese Constitution," which illustrates the FEC's desire to be involved in the enactment of the Japanese Constitution, and "Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution," which showed the necessity of including the Civilians' Clause, and the decision to review the constitution in "Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution."

Contents

FEC-031	Japanese Constitution. 19 March 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/1	Policy Relative to the Proposed Japanese Constitution. 21 March 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/2	Proposed Communication to the SCAP Requesting Consultation on Procedures for the Adoption of a Japanese Constitution. 9 April 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/3	Proposed Communication to the SCAP Requesting Consultation on Procedures for the Adoption of a Japanese Constitution. 17 April 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/4	Draft Constitution for Japan. 29 April 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/5	Principles Governing the Machinery for the Adoption of a New Japanese Constitution. 8 May 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/6	Principles Governing the Machinery for the Adoption of a New Japanese Constitution. 14 May 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/7	Criteria for the Adoption of a New Japanese Constitution. 16 May 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/8	Proposed Communication to the SCAP Requesting Consultation on Procedures for the Adoption of a Japanese Constitution. 29 May 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/9	Report of Committee No. 3: Constitutional and Legal Reform on Reply to Request for Consultation on Procedures for the Adoption of a Japanese Constitution. 31 May 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/10	Principles Governing the Machinery for the Adoption of a New Japanese Constitution. 3 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/11	Views of the SCAP on the Subject of Japanese Constitutional Reform. 4 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/12	Views of the SCAP on the Subject of Japanese Constitutional Reform. 6 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/13	Report of Committee No. 3 on Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. [ ] June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/14	Statement by the SCAP on the Japanese Constitution. 24 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/15	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. 26 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/16	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. 26 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/17	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. 27 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/18	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. 28 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/19	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. [28] June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/20	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 28 June 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/21	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 2 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/22	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. 3 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/23	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 9 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/24	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. 10 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/25	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 11 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/26	United States Statement of Policy in Regard to the Authority of the FEC to Approve a New Japanese Constitution. 16 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/27	Basic Principles for a New Japanese Constitution. 16 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/28	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 16 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/29	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 24 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/30	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 26 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/31	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 30 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/32	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 30 July 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/33	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 12 August 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/34	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 13 August 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/35	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 15 August 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/36	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 19 August 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/37	Communications of the FEC Policy Decisions on the Draft Constitution by the SCAP to the Japanese Government. 26 August 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/38	Consultation with the SCAP on the Text of the Constitution. 29 August 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/39	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 25 September 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/40	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 15 October 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/41	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 23 October 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/42	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution: Reply of the SCAP to Consultation. 1 November 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/43	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution. 7 November 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/44	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution: Verbatim Minutes of 32nd and 33rd FEC Meetings. 12 November 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/45	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution: Statement by the United States Government. 20 November 1946, circulated.
FEC-031/46	Provisions for the Review of a New Japanese Constitution, Directive Serial No. 62 (Declassification). 24 April 1951, circulated.
FEC-031/47	Draft Constitution for Japan, Directive Serial No. 36. 12 December 1951, circulated.

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• Outline
  1. Outline Part 1 Military Defeat and Efforts to Reform the Constitution
  2. Outline Part 2 Creation of Various Proposals to Reform the Constitution
  3. Outline Part 3 Formulation of the GHQ Draft and Response of the Japanese Government
  4. Outline Part 4 Deliberations in the Imperial Diet
  5. Outline Part 5 Enactment of the Constitution of Japan
• Documents with Commentaries
  1. Documents with Commentaries Part 1 Military Defeat and Efforts to Reform the Constitution
  2. Documents with Commentaries Part 2 Creation of Various Proposals to Reform the Constitution
  3. Documents with Commentaries Part 3 Formulation of the GHQ Draft and Response of the Japanese Government
  4. Documents with Commentaries Part 4 Deliberations in the Imperial Diet
  5. Documents with Commentaries Part 5 Enactment of the Constitution of Japan
• Main Issues
  1. Popular Sovereignty and the Emperor System
  2. Renunciation of War
  3. Guarantees for Fundamental Human Rights
  4. A New Bicameral System
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